Why Is My Dog Shaking and Trembling? 10 Causes

Approximately 70% of dogs experience some form of anxiety, and while not all anxiety manifests as shaking, it is a surprisingly common symptom that can send any dog owner into a panic.

That sudden tremor, the subtle shivering, or even violent convulsions can be alarming, and figuring out why your dog is shaking and trembling requires careful observation and a good understanding of both their behavior and potential medical issues.

Why Your Dog Might Be Shaking: Common Non-Medical Reasons

Most often, dog shaking stems from non-medical causes like fear, anxiety, cold, or excitement, especially in new or stressful environments, and these are usually the easiest to identify and address.

Understanding these everyday triggers can often save you an unnecessary trip to the vet, though always err on the side of caution if you are unsure.

• Fear and Anxiety: Dogs express fear and anxiety in many ways, and trembling is a very common one. Loud noises like fireworks or thunderstorms, new people, unfamiliar places, or even a trip to the vet can trigger this response. For adopted dogs, anxiety can be particularly pronounced. I remember a Labrador mix named Buddy who came to the New Orleans shelter where I volunteered a few years ago. He would shake uncontrollably whenever a new volunteer approached his kennel, a clear sign of past trauma and a lack of trust.
• Excitement: Some dogs simply cannot contain their joy, and their whole body vibrates with anticipation. You will often see this when you grab the leash for a walk, or when a favorite person returns home. This type of shaking is usually short-lived and accompanied by other happy behaviors, such as tail wagging and playful barking.
• Cold: Just like people, dogs can shiver when they are cold. Small breeds, dogs with short coats, or those with less body fat are more susceptible. If it is chilly outside or in your home, and your dog is not showing other concerning symptoms, a warm blanket or a dog sweater might be all they need.
• Stress or Phobias: Beyond general anxiety, some dogs develop specific phobias. A dog might tremble every time they get in the car, or when left alone (separation anxiety). The key here is consistency-the shaking occurs reliably in specific situations.
• Age and Weakness: Older dogs might experience muscle weakness or joint pain, which can manifest as trembling, particularly in their hind legs. This is often a sign of arthritis or other age-related conditions, and while not an emergency, it warrants a conversation with your veterinarian about pain management.

Medical Conditions That Cause Shaking and Trembling

Medical reasons for a dog shaking can range from pain and illness to neurological disorders, requiring prompt veterinary assessment for diagnosis and treatment. These causes are often more serious and require immediate attention.

It is crucial to observe other symptoms your dog might be displaying, as these can provide vital clues for your vet.

• Pain or Injury: Dogs are masters at hiding pain, but shaking can be an indicator of discomfort from an injury, internal pain, or a chronic condition. If the shaking is localized to a specific body part, or if your dog winces when touched, pain is a strong possibility.
• Nausea or Gastrointestinal Upset: A queasy stomach can cause trembling, often accompanied by drooling, lip-smacking, vomiting, or diarrhea. This could be due to eating something they should not have, motion sickness, or a more serious digestive issue.
• Toxins or Poisoning: Ingesting toxic substances is a veterinary emergency that can cause severe trembling or seizures. Common household toxins include chocolate, xylitol (a sugar substitute found in many human foods), certain plants, snail bait, and human medications. If you suspect poisoning, contact a vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center immediately.
• Neurological Disorders: Conditions affecting the brain or nervous system can cause tremors. White Shaker Syndrome, common in smaller dog breeds like West Highland Terriers and Maltese, causes full-body tremors. Epilepsy, brain inflammation, or other neurological issues can also manifest with shaking, sometimes leading to seizures.
• Metabolic Conditions: Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), often seen in puppies or dogs with diabetes, can cause weakness and shaking. Addison's disease, a hormonal disorder, can also lead to tremors, lethargy, and gastrointestinal issues.
• Distemper: Though less common thanks to widespread vaccination, distemper is a serious viral disease that can cause tremors, muscle twitching, and neurological symptoms, among others. Ensure your dog's vaccinations are up to date.

When to seek veterinary attention for your dog's shaking:

Supporting Your Shaking Dog: Specific Steps for Adopters

Supporting a dog that is shaking, particularly an adopted one, involves creating a secure environment, positive reinforcement, and understanding their unique history to build trust and reduce anxiety. New adopters often face unique challenges, as their dogs for adoption might carry invisible scars from their past.

Providing stability and understanding can make all the difference.

• Create a Safe Space: Ensure your adopted dog has a quiet, comfortable "den" where they can retreat. This could be a crate covered with a blanket, a dog bed in a low-traffic area, or a spare room. This sanctuary helps them feel secure and reduces environmental stressors.
• Establish a Predictable Routine: Dogs thrive on predictability. Consistent feeding times, walk schedules, and bedtime routines help reduce anxiety by letting them know what to expect. This is especially helpful for dogs adjusting from a local shelter environment to a home.
• Positive Reinforcement Training: Use gentle, positive reinforcement methods to build confidence. Reward calm behavior with treats and praise. Avoid punishment, which can increase fear and anxiety, exacerbating shaking. A Shepherd mix named Willow, whom I helped foster from a St. Louis rescue, used to tremble every time someone reached for her. Through consistent positive reinforcement-offering a treat every time a hand moved slowly towards her, never forcing contact-she learned to associate hands with good things, and her trembling eventually subsided after about three months.
• Consult a Professional: If anxiety-induced shaking persists or is severe, consider working with a certified professional dog trainer or a veterinary behaviorist. They can help identify triggers and develop a tailored behavior modification plan. Sometimes, prescription medication might be necessary to help manage severe anxiety, allowing behavioral training to be more effective.
• Rule Out Medical Causes First: Always visit your vet to rule out any underlying medical conditions before assuming the shaking is purely behavioral. A vet can perform a physical exam and recommend tests to ensure your dog is physically healthy.
• Exercise and Mental Stimulation: A tired dog is often a calmer dog. Ensure your dog gets adequate physical exercise and mental stimulation appropriate for their dog breeds and age. Puzzle toys, training sessions, and interactive games can help burn off excess energy and reduce anxiety.

Observing your dog's shaking carefully, noting any accompanying symptoms, and considering their history-especially if they are an adopted dog-will guide you in determining the best course of action.

It is a reminder that our dogs communicate their needs in many ways, and sometimes, a subtle tremor speaks volumes.